Albert Einstein

Born:

March 14, 1879, Ulm, Württemberg, Germany

Died:

April 18, 1955, Princeton, New Jersey, United States

Nationality:

German (until 1896), Swiss (from 1901), Austrian (briefly, 1911-1912), American (from 1940)

Profession(s):

Theoretical Physicist

Early Life and Education

• Born in Ulm, Germany, to Hermann Einstein and Pauline Koch.
• Moved to Munich shortly after birth.
• Educated at the Luitpold Gymnasium, Munich (later transferred).
• Renounced German citizenship in 1896.
• Studied at the Swiss Federal Polytechnic in Zurich, Switzerland, graduating in 1900.

Career and Major Achievements

• Worked at the Swiss Patent Office in Bern from 1902 to 1909.
• Published his "Annus Mirabilis" papers in 1905, covering Brownian motion, the photoelectric effect, special relativity, and mass-energy equivalence (E=mc²).
• Became a professor at the University of Zurich in 1909.
• Developed the general theory of relativity, published in 1915.
• Awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1921 for his explanation of the photoelectric effect.
• Emigrated to the United States in 1933 to escape Nazi Germany and joined the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey.
• Wrote a letter to President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1939, alerting him to the potential of nuclear weapons and suggesting the US begin its own research.

Notable Works

• "On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies" (1905) - Introduced Special Relativity.
• "Does the Inertia of a Body Depend Upon Its Energy Content?" (1905) - Introduced mass-energy equivalence (E=mc²).
• "The Foundation of the General Theory of Relativity" (1916) - Introduced General Relativity.
• Relativity: The Special and the General Theory (1916) - A popular explanation of relativity.

Legacy and Impact

Albert Einstein is considered one of the most influential scientists of the 20th century and one of the greatest physicists of all time. His theories of relativity revolutionized our understanding of space, time, gravity, and the universe. "The matakari mangli biography of albert" has been a source of inspiration for countless scientists and thinkers. His work continues to influence scientific research and technological development today.

Awards and Recognition

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